• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:AT510096A1
    申请号:T0119510
    申请日:2010-07-14
    公开日:2012-01-15
    发明作者:Andreas Mag Sternecker；Dietmar Dipl Ing Ulm；Thorsten Kuehnke
    申请人:Kba Moedling Ag Maschf；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1
    The invention relates to a hydro-dynamic pressure machine with at least one impeller having a hub and associated blades, and which defines in operation a water level height as the difference between an upper water level and an underwater level, with an electric motor-generator machine coupled to the impeller, and with a control device for regulating the headwater level.
    Hydropower dynamic pressure machines are known from AT 404 973 B and AT 501 575 Al. The impeller is arranged transversely to the flow direction in a channel. The hub of the impeller can replace a weir, which in hydraulic engineering is understood to mean a reservoir that closes off a flow region. Depending on the design, weirs can be overflowed or flowed through as required, the section of the channel in the direction of flow above the weir being referred to as upper water and the section of the channel below the weir being referred to as underwater. In the past, weirs with low stowage heights were only provided for damming the water as needed; Starting from this it was proposed in AT 404 973 B or AT 501 575 A1 to use the dynamic pressure for energy generation. For this purpose, the inflowing water drives the blades of the impeller, which is connected to the motor-generator machine. In generator operation, a braking torque is built up, and there is a conversion of the mechanical power into an electrical useful power, which is supplied to an energy storage or fed into a power grid. This type of hydro-electric machine has the advantage that the generator is driven by the pressure of the flowing water. Accordingly, both the flow velocity of the channel and the potential level corresponding to the water level are used to generate energy in the sense of high efficiency with high absorption capacity.
    The output power and the achievable efficiency depend substantially on the headwater level, i. from the upstream water level of the channel relative to the hub of the impeller. The headwater level affects the amount of water available to drive the impeller. It has also been proposed (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staudruckmaschine) to regulate the upper water level to the current head water level continuously
    2 to adjust the upper water level setpoint.
    It is an object of the present invention to provide at a ram pressure machine of the type mentioned a simply transposed device for regulating the head water level, which responds sensitively to fluctuations in the headwater level and allows reliable continuous adjustment of the headwater level.
    This object is achieved in the dynamic pressure machine of the type mentioned in that the control device is connected to the motor-generator machine to regulate the speed of the impeller to maintain a predetermined upper water level by controlling the braking torque of the motor-generator machine.
    In the dynamic pressure machine, the amount of water flowing from the upper water through the system into the underwater, usually referred to as swallowing capacity, depends on the speed of the impeller. Since the water flow is expediently not offered a possibility to avoid the impeller arranged across the entire channel, the entire water flow flows through the dynamic pressure machine. An increase in the speed of the impeller increases the absorption capacity of the dynamic pressure machine, with a larger amount of water is transported by the blades on the underwater side and thus the head water level is reduced; conversely, reducing the speed of the impeller results in a lower absorption capacity of the ram pressure machine, so that less water flows through the ram pressure machine and as a result the head water level increases. To comply with the specified head water level, which is aimed at a certain power output and optimum efficiency, therefore, the speed of the impeller is controlled. To regulate the speed of the impeller, the braking torque of the motor-generator machine is continuously adjusted. To reduce the speed of the impeller, the controller increases the braking torque of the generator. On the other hand, to achieve a higher speed of the impeller to achieve a greater absorption capacity of the dynamic pressure machine, the control device reduces the braking torque of the motor-generator machine.
    4 I 4 I * * V »l 4 * 4 * * * - 3 -
    The motor-generator machine is preferably designed as an asynchronous machine, which is connected directly or via a gear to the impeller. The direct influence of the control device on the braking torque of the motor-generator machine ensures the precise compliance with the specified head water level. By controlling the braking torque of the motor-generator machine can be reacted quickly and sensitively to an increase or decrease in the volume flow reached to the dynamic pressure machine. Advantageously, thus always an optimum for the power yield water level, which is in appropriate embodiments of the dynamic pressure machine between 1 meter and 4 meters, guaranteed; The dynamic pressure machine is therefore particularly well suited for automatic operation even in remote side arms or smaller channels. For the control of the speed of the impeller, it is advantageous if the control device has a preferably designed as a programmable logic controller (PLC) controller which is connected to a preferably designed as a frequency converter means for influencing the torque of the motor-generator machine. The programmable logic controller is a modular solution that can be flexibly adapted to the requirements of the respective dynamic pressure machine and, if necessary, can be easily reprogrammed. To influence the torque of the motor-generator machine, the use of a frequency converter is useful, which serves as an actuator for a supplied by the controller of the controller speed specification. The frequency converter makes it possible to infinitely adjust the speed of the motor-generator machine. For this purpose, the frequency converter is able to transmit energy during braking of the motor-generator machine in a DC link, which is advantageously arranged between an input side rectifier and an inverter fed from the DC link. The energy from the DC link of the regenerative frequency converter can be stored for further use or transferred to a connected network. The use of the frequency converter for influencing the braking torque is particularly favorable in connection with an asynchronous machine; The asynchronous machine is a cost-effective and low-maintenance version of the motor-generator machine, especially for smaller dynamic pressure machines. Of course, however, various types of electric motor-generator machines are conceivable which are suitable for operation with the dynamic pressure machine are.
    In order to constantly monitor the level above the water level, it is advantageous if the control device has a measuring element for detecting the upper water level. Accordingly, the measuring element can measure the upper water level during operation, which can serve as an input variable for the control loop.
    For detecting the upper water level, it is particularly advantageous if an ultrasonic sensor is provided as the measuring element. Such an ultrasonic sensor allows a continuous, non-contact measurement of the headwater level. The measurement of the upper water level is based on a transit time measurement of an ultrasonic pulse emitted by an ultrasonic transducer of the sensor whose echo reflected at the water surface of the channel is detected at a transducer of the sensor and is preferably used by means of a microprocessor to determine the upper water level. The measured transit time of the ultrasound pulse is related in a generally known manner to the distance traveled by the pulse, from which it is possible to deduce the level above the water level. Of course, however, other types of non-contact upper water level measuring elements would be conceivable, which are based, for example, on a transmission and detection of microwave signals, optical signals, etc.
    In an alternative embodiment, it is provided that a particular hydrostatic level measuring device is provided as the measuring element. The hydrostatic level measurement is based on the detection of the hydrostatic pressure, which is determined by the height of the liquid column, i. here the upper water level, is generated. There is a known relationship between the measured hydrostatic pressure and the headwater level, which is used to record the headwater level. Of course, a variety of other types of mechanical level measuring devices, such as floats or the like, would also be conceivable. • k * ·· I * r * k i t * * i i * »* i i i i i« «
    • # * * I | # »I - 5 -
    To control the head water level to the predetermined value, it is advantageous if the control device from a control difference between a measured actual value of the head water level and a predetermined target value of the head water level determines a manipulated variable for the speed of the motor-generator machine, which by means of Device for influencing the torque of the motor-generator machine is adjustable. In this version, the head water level is continuously measured and compared with the preset target value of the headwater level. From a control difference between the actual value and the setpoint value of the upper water level, the controller determines the speed specification for the motor-generator machine, which is set by the device acting as an actuator for influencing the torque of the motor-generator machine. If the actual value of the head water level is higher than the predetermined target value, the braking torque of the motor-generator machine is reduced to increase the speed of the motor-generator machine, so that a higher flow volume is achieved by the backpressure machine , If the actual value of the upper water level falls below the predetermined value, the controller determines a lower speed of the motor-generator machine, whereby the absorption capacity of the backpressure machine is reduced. The motor-generator machine is preferably connected to a transmission, which translates the comparatively low speed of the impeller into a higher speed, which is more expedient for utilization in the motor-generator-machine. For example, the transmission may have a gear ratio between the impeller side and the generator side from 80 to 180 when the generator pole pair number is two and the synchronous speed is in particular about 1500 rpm. When using a motor-generator machine with a higher number of pole pairs, the transmission ratio is correspondingly lower.
    In order to enable a control of the speed of the impeller independent of the direct detection and control of the upper water level, it is advantageous if the control device comprises a torque measuring device for detecting the torque of the motor-generator machine. The current detection of torque and speed of the motor-generator-machine makes it possible, in operation, to directly measure the headwater level. · · «* Φ · * ♦ · · * *» < I Φ - 6 - renounce, as can be closed by knowing the speed and torque to the current upper water level. For measuring the torque, electrical operating parameters of the motor-generator machine, such as current, voltage or three-phase frequency, are preferably detected, from which the torque is determined.
    To maintain the predetermined head water level, in particular without ongoing direct measurement of the head water level, it is advantageous if the controller has a memory in which a characteristic of the head water level is stored as a function of speed and torque of the motor-generator machine, so that the Upper water level is indirectly controlled by the detection of torque and speed of the motor-generator machine. In a fully measured dynamic pressure machine, the associated value of the upper water level is known for each combination of speed and torque of the motor-generator machine. These data are stored in the form of a characteristic in the memory of the controller. The continuous monitoring of torque and speed of the motor-generator machine therefore makes it possible to indirectly draw conclusions about the current upper water level, which therefore does not necessarily have to be measured. The actual values of torque and rotational speed measured during operation can be compared with at least one corresponding desired value for the rotational speed, which is set by the device for influencing the braking torque of the motor-generator machine.
    In order to be able to use a known relationship between the torque or speed of the motor-generator machine and the upper water level, it is advantageous if the memory contains at least one characteristic curve determined in a complete test run. Accordingly, the dynamic pressure machine can be completely measured, for example, during commissioning, wherein the measurement data for speed and torque of the motor-generator-machine is assigned to the respective corresponding upper water level. From these measuring points, the characteristic is created, which is stored in the memory of the controller. During operation, the controller uses the characteristic curve from the actual values of speed and torque to determine the current upper water level, which is compared with the predefined setpoint value of the upper water level and adjusted by regulation 7 of the braking torque of the motor-generator machine.
    A structurally simple device for measuring the head water level is provided when the measuring element for detecting the head water level is connected to a frame provided for supporting the wheel. The measuring element is preferably connected to an upper, in operation substantially horizontally arranged frame part. However, the measuring element can also be stationary, for example, on a stationary machine frame or on a stationary structure of the channel, in which the dynamic pressure machine is arranged to be attached. In addition, a further measuring element may be present, which measures the underwater level. In the case of a non-contact measurement element, it must be ensured that the measurement signal can pass unhindered to the water surface and back. This is preferably achieved by a rod-shaped suspension, which is in particular cantilevered on the frame or on the machine frame.
    The invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments illustrated in the drawings, to which, however, it should not be restricted. In detail, in the drawings:
    Figure 1 is a perspective view of a dynamic pressure machine according to the invention with a churning impeller whose speed is controlled to maintain a predetermined headwater level.
    2 shows a schematic representation of a control device for controlling the rotational speed of the impeller, which according to an embodiment of the invention has a measuring element for detecting the upper water level;
    Fig. 3 is a simple block diagram for illustrating the control device shown in Fig. 2;
    Fig. 4 is a more detailed block diagram of the control device shown in Figs. 2 and 3; • b - 8 -
    Fig. 5 is a representation corresponding to Figure 2 of another embodiment of the control device in which the torque of the motor-generator machine is measured. and
    6 shows a diagram with a characteristic curve of the impeller measured in a test run.
    In Fig. 1, a hydro-dynamic pressure machine 1 is shown, which is arranged transversely to a flow direction 2 'of a schematically drawn in Fig. 2 channel 2. The dynamic pressure machine 1 extends over the entire width of the channel 2, so that the entire water flow is forced to pass through the dynamic pressure machine 1. The dynamic pressure machine 1 has an impeller 3 with a cylindrical hub 4, on which blades 5 are fixed at regular angular intervals. In Fig. 1, the direction of rotation of the impeller 3 is indicated by an arrow 6.
    The impeller 3 defines in operation a water level height d as the difference between an upper water level 8 and an underwater level 9; Accordingly, the dynamic pressure machine 1 forms a weir, which damming the channel 2 with the specified water level height d. The impeller 3 is coupled to an electric motor-generator machine 10 (not shown in FIG. 1); According to the respective arrangement of the motor-generator machine 10, a suitable transmission between the impeller 3 and the motor-generator machine 10 is provided. In generator mode, the braking torque of the motor-generator machine 10 is used to convert the kinetic energy of the impeller 3 into electrical energy. The recovered energy can be stored in an energy storage or fed into a (not shown) power grid. The dynamic pressure machine 1 is characterized by a particularly efficient utilization of hydropower by both the flow velocity of the channel 2 and the potential energy of the water level d are converted into electrical energy. The dynamic pressure machine 1 shown is particularly suitable for use in smaller channels 2, which can hardly be used profitably with other types of hydroelectric power plants for energy. The dynamic pressure machine 1 has a high efficiency with high absorption capacity.
    9
    On the upstream side of the dynamic pressure machine 1, a volume flow Q2U is supplied, which leaves the dynamic pressure machine 1 as a volume flow Qab. If the introduced volume flow Q corresponds to the derived volume flow Qafc, the water level d remains constant. On the other hand, the water level d increases when more water is added than discharged; conversely, an increase in the derived volume flow Qab leads to a decrease in the water level d. The derived volume flow Qab can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the absorption capacity of the dynamic pressure machine 1, which is determined by a rotational speed nx of the impeller 3. During operation, fluctuations in water level may occur for a variety of reasons, such as when upstream locks are opened. For the efficient operation of the dynamic pressure machine 1, the upper water level 8 should be kept at a predetermined level, which is expedient for achieving the desired power or optimum efficiency.
    Although regulations of the headwater level are provided in the prior art, which, however, does not take sufficient account of the peculiarities of the dynamic pressure machine 1. In order to be able to react sensitively and with high accuracy to fluctuations in the supplied volume flow Q, a control device 11 is provided in the dynamic pressure machine 1, which is connected to the motor-generator-motor 10 (see FIG. 2). To maintain a predetermined head water level 8, the rotational speed n: of the impeller 3 is controlled by adjusting the braking torque of the motor-generator-engine 10.
    In Fig. 2, the scheme of a first embodiment of the control device 11 is illustrated, in which the upper water level 8 is monitored continuously. For this purpose, a measuring element 12 is provided for detecting the upper water level. In addition, a further measuring element 12 'is provided, which measures the underwater level 9. The measuring elements 12, 12 'are expediently designed as ultrasonic sensors 13; However, other types of measuring elements 12, 12 'may also be provided, for example hydrostatic level measuring devices (not shown in the figures). In the embodiment shown, the measuring element is " (And corresponding to the measuring element 12 ') at the free end of a rod-shaped suspension 25 which is attached to an upper frame part 26' of the impeller 3 overlying frame 26 is mounted. The frame 26 is arranged vertically adjustable in a stationary machine frame 27. The measuring element 12 supplies the value of the measured upper water level 8 to an electronic control unit 14, which is connected to the motor-generator machine 10, to determine a speed n, the motor-generator, from a comparison with the predetermined value for the upper water level 8. Regulate machine 10 by controlling the braking torque.
    As can be seen from FIG. 3, the electronic control unit 14 has a controller 15 with a programmable logic controller, hereinafter referred to as PLC, 16, which is connected to a device 17 for influencing the braking torque of the motor-generator machine 10 shown in FIG Embodiment is given by a frequency converter 18. The measured by means of the ultrasonic sensor 13 upper water level 8 serves as input to the PLC 16, in which the target value for the upper water level 8 was stored, which is continuously compared with the actual value of the upper water level 8. From the determined control difference between the actual value and the predetermined desired value of the headwater level 8, a speed specification nsetpoint for the frequency converter 18 is determined, which is set on the motor-generator machine 10. Furthermore, a speed-measuring device 19 is provided, which continuously measures the actual value of the engine speed n-; sT and delivered to the frequency converter 18, the actual value n [S, the speed η.Ί with that of the PLC 16 delivered target value nK, .n of the speed n compares and adjusts accordingly.
    FIG. 4 shows the control circuit of the control device 11 explained above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 in greater detail. Accordingly, the illustrated by a dashed frame controlled system includes the impeller 3, which is connected via a gear 20 to the motor-generator machine 10. The transmission 20 translates the rotational speed n, of the impeller 3 (in revolutions per minute [rpm]) into a higher rotational speed n- [rpm] suitable for the motor-generator-machine 10. Analogously, via the
    11
    Gear 20 an impeller-side torque (in Newton meters [Nm]) converted into a generator-side torque M2 [Nm]. The motor-generator machine 10 provides in generator operation a current I [A], expressed in amperes, with a frequency F [Hz], indicated in Hertz. The variable volumetric flow Qzu [m3 / s], expressed in cubic meters per second, acts as a disturbance d 'on the upper water level 8, which represents the generally designated y control variable H [m], in meters. The feedback of the control loop comprises the measuring element 12 for detecting the actual value Hist of the upper water level 8, which is compared with the desired value Hsoll of the upper water level 8, a control difference e as the difference between the actual value Hi3t of the upper water level 8 and the target Value Hsoli of the upper water level 8 to determine which control difference e is supplied to the controller 15 of the electronic control unit 14. In preferably designed as a programmable logic controller 16 controller 15 is a characteristic for the head water level 8 as a function of the speed n2 [rpm] of the impeller 3 is stored, from which the designated in Fig. 4 with u speed specification for the motor-generator Ma -chine 10 is determined. The speed occurring as a control variable u is transmitted to the device 17, which influences the braking torque of the motor-generator machine 10. The device 17, i. In particular, the frequency converter 18, thus forming the actuator of the control loop, wherein as a manipulated variable uR, the speed n of the motor-generator Ma-machine 10 is used for the currently set a control value.
    In Fig. 5, an alternative embodiment of the control device 11 is shown schematically, which manages without direct detection of the upper water level 8. To maintain the predetermined head water level 8, the electronic control unit 14 has a memory 21 in which a characteristic curve of the head water level 8 is stored as a function of speed n2 and torque M2 of the motor-generator machine 10. The torque M the motor-generator machine 10 is continuously detected by means of a torque-measuring device 22; For measuring the torque M2, electrical operating parameters (current, voltage, three-phase frequency, etc.) of the motor-generator machine 10 are expediently used. From the current detection of torque M; and speed n2 of the motor-generator-machine 10 is applied indirectly to the engine.
    Upper water level 8 closed. Thus, it is utilized in this embodiment that the upper water level 8 as a function of torque M2 and speed n2 of the motor-generator machine 10 can be displayed. The relationship between the measured parameters torque M2 and speed n2 of the motor-generator machine 10 and the upper water level 8 is suitably obtained in a test run, in which the characteristic of the dynamic pressure machine 1 is taken. During operation, the controller 15 uses the characteristic curve stored in the memory 21 to reduce the speed n the motor-generator machine 10, which is geared through the gear 20 in the rotational speed n, the impeller 3 to regulate. In order to influence the braking torque of the motor-generator machine 10, the frequency converter 18 can be used analogously to the control via the direct detection of the head water level 8. In this embodiment, therefore, the measurement of the head water level 8 can basically be dispensed with if the relationship between the relevant quantities of the motor-generator machine 10, i. Speed n2 and torque M2, and the upper water level 8 is known. Of course, however, it is also conceivable and in many cases preferred if the upper water level 8 and the torque M2 of the motor-generator machine 10 are measured simultaneously in order to obtain as complete information as possible about the operating state of the dynamic pressure machine 1.
    Finally, FIG. 6 shows an example of a characteristic curve determined in a test run, schematically showing the relationship between the torque Mi [Nm] plotted on the ordinate and the rotational speed n: [rpm] of the impeller 3 plotted on the abscissa. Accordingly, the largest torque M_ is achieved when the impeller 3 is stationary or the speed nx is zero. The larger the rotational speed nx of the impeller 3, the greater frictional and swirling losses, so that the output torque M: decreases and finally disappears at a certain value for the rotational speed n :. The measured curve shown was taken at a water level d of 2 meters. In the course of larger water level heights d, similar measurement curves were determined in the course, which are shifted approximately parallel to higher values for torque Mi and rotational speed nx, as indicated in FIG. 6 by arrow 23. Conversely, the characteristic curves for smaller water level heights d of the dynamic pressure machine 1 in arrow direction are shifted to lower values for torque M and rotational speed n L of the impeller 3.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Hydropower dynamic pressure machine (1) with at least one impeller (3) having a hub (4) and associated blades (5), and in operation a water level height (d) as the difference between a headwater level (8) and an underwater level (9), with an electric motor-generator machine (10) coupled to the impeller (3), and with a control device (11) for regulating the upper water level (8), characterized in that the Control device (11) with the motor-generator machine (10) is connected to control the braking torque of the motor-generator-machine (10) has a speed (n-,) of the impeller (3) to maintain a predetermined upper water level ( 8).
    [2]
    2. Hydropower dynamic pressure machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (11) preferably designed as a programmable logic controller (16) controller (15) having a preferably frequency converter (18) formed means (17) for influencing the braking torque of the motor-generator machine (10) is connected.
    [3]
    3. Hydropower dynamic pressure machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control device (11) has a measuring element (12) for detecting the upper water level (8).
    [4]
    4. Hydropower dynamic pressure machine according to claim 3, characterized in that as measuring element (12) an ultrasonic sensor (13) is provided.
    [5]
    5. Hydropower dynamic pressure machine according to claim 3, characterized in that as a measuring element (12) a particular hydrostatic level gauge is provided.
    [6]
    6. Hydropower dynamic pressure machine according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the control device (11) from a control difference (e) between a measured actual value (H r) of the upper water level (8) and a predetermined desired value ( ) of the upper water level (8) a manipulated variable (u *) for the rotational speed 15 (n2) of the motor-generator machine (10) determined by means (17) for influencing the torque (M2) of the motor-generator machine (10) is adjustable.
    [7]
    7. Hydropower dynamic pressure machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the control device (11) has a torque-measuring device (22) for detecting the torque (M2) of the motor-generator-machine (10).
    [8]
    8. hydro-dynamic pressure machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the controller (15) has a memory (21) in which a characteristic of the head water level (8) in dependence on speed (n2) and torque (M ) Of the motor Generator engine (10) is stored so that the upper water level (8) indirectly by the detection of torque (M2) and speed (n2) of the motor-generator machine (10) is controllable.
    [9]
    9. Hydropower dynamic pressure machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the memory (21) contains at least one determined in a complete test run characteristic.
    [10]
    10. Hydropower dynamic pressure machine according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the measuring element (12) for detecting the upper water level (8) with a storage of the impeller (3) provided for frame (26) is connected.
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    AT509497B1|2010-03-02|2018-09-15|Astra Vermoegens Und Beteiligungsverwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh|WATER ENGINE|WO2013123483A1|2012-02-18|2013-08-22|Hydrovolts, Inc.|Turbine system for generating power from a flow of liquid, and related systems and methods|
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    法律状态:
    2018-05-15| PC| Change of the owner|Owner name: HPSA HYDROPOWER SYSTEMS GMBH, AT Effective date: 20180326 |
    2019-03-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20180714 |
    优先权:
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    ATA1195/2010A|AT510096B1|2010-07-14|2010-07-14|HYDRO POWER JAM PRESS|ATA1195/2010A| AT510096B1|2010-07-14|2010-07-14|HYDRO POWER JAM PRESS|
    EP11738388.5A| EP2593668A2|2010-07-14|2011-07-14|Water power ram-pressure machine|
    PCT/AT2011/000300| WO2012006647A2|2010-07-14|2011-07-14|Water power ram-pressure machine|
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